Faculty Research

• Digital dentistry and artificial intelligence
• Dental adhesion
• Dental zirconia

• Fracture resistance of monolithic and multi-yttria-layered CAD/CAM zirconia crowns milled at different disk locations.
• Development of a computer vision model for the detection of apical lesions on radiographs using a no-code/ low-code platform.
• Influence of deep learning on the diagnostic accuracy of oral radiologist in detecting apical radiolucent lesions.
• Effect of surface finish, resin cement and yttria content on the bond strength to zirconia.

• Badr Z, Hamdan M, Han S, Sulaiman TA. Effect of surface finish and resin cement on the bond strength to CAD-CAM ceramics for resin-bonded prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. In Press
• Hamdan M, Badr Z, Bjork J, Saxe R, Malensek F, Miller C, Shah R, Han S, Rahimi H. Detection of dental restorations using no-code artificial intelligence. J Dent. 2023;104745 doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104768.
• Badr Z, Culp L, Duqum I, Lim CH, Zhang Y, Sulaiman TA. Survivability and fracture resistance of monolithic and multi-yttria-layered zirconia crowns as a function of yttria content; a mastication simulation study. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022; 1- 8. doi:10.1111/jerd.12907

• Thermal analysis of dental materials
• Setting mechanisms in dental materials
• Electrochemical properties of dental alloys

• MTA and calcium silicate cement setting mechanisms
• Resin-modified glass-ionomer setting reaction competition
• Properties and structure of nickel-free stainless steel wires
• Nickel titanium mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal properties

• Flask JD, Thompson GA, Singh M, Berzins DW. Edge chipping of translucent zirconia. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2022 May; 127(5):793-800.
• Roberts H, Berzins D, Nicholson J. Long-Term Water Balance Evaluation in Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials. Materials (Basel). 2022 Jan 21;15(3):807.
• Kolstad JA, Cianciolo DL, Ostertag AJ, Berzins DW. Orthodontic bond strength comparison between two filled resin sealants. Turkish Journal of Orthodontics 2020;33(3):165-170.
• Al Maaz A, Thompson GA, Drago C, An H, Berzins D. Effect of finish line design and metal alloy on the marginal and internal gaps of selective laser melting printed copings. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2019;122(2):143-151.
• Ramadhan A, Thompson GA, Maroulakos G, Berzins D. Analysis of flexural strength and contact pressure following simulated chairside adjustment of pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2018;120(3):439-446.
• Obaisi NA, Galang-Boquiren MT, Evans CA, Tsay TG, Viana G, Berzins D, Megremis S. Comparison of the transformation temperatures of heat-activated Nickel-Titanium orthodontic archwires by two different techniques. Dental Materials 2016 Jul;32(7):879-88
• Roberts HW, Toth JM, Berzins DW, Charlton DG. Mineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic treatment: a review of the literature. Dent Mater. 2008 Feb;24(2):149-64. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.04.007.
• Ninan E, Berzins DW. Torsion and bending properties of shape memory and super elastic nickel-titanium rotary instruments. J Endod. 2013 Jan;39(1):101–4.
• Thomas JT, Roberts HW, Diaz L, Bradley TG, Berzins DW. Effect of light-cure initiation time on polymerization efficiency and orthodontic bond strength with a resin-modified glass-ionomer. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2012 May;15(2):124–34.
• Sarantopoulos DM, Beck KA, Holsen R, Berzins DW. Corrosion of CoCr and NiCr dental alloys alloyed with palladium. J Prosthet Dent. 2011 Jan;105(1):35–43.
• Berzins DW, Roberts HW. Phase transformation changes in thermocycled nickel-titanium orthodontic wires. Dent Mater. 2010 Jul;26(7):666–74.
• Chedella SC, Berzins DW. A differential scanning calorimetry study of the setting reaction of MTA. Int Endod J. 2010 Jun;43(6):509–18.
• Berzins DW, Abey S, Costache MC, Wilkie CA, Roberts HW. Resin-modified glass-ionomer setting reaction competition. J Dent Res. 2010 Jan;89(1):82–6.

• Dental health services research
• Epidemiology of oral diseases

• Dental services utilization by children and adolescents in Wisconsin with public (Medicaid and, Badger Care) and private dental insurance (Delta Dental)
• Health equity and health disparities in dental health
• Fluoride intake patterns and dental fluorosis of permanent dentition
• Factors affecting outcomes of endodontic treatment and long-term success

• Bhoopathi V, Bhagavatula P, Singh M. Health literacy and its association with human papilloma virus vaccination among adults: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Nov 30;18(6):2135930.
• Bhagavatula P, Comnick CL, Warren JJ, Levy SM. Patterns of fluoride intake from 6 to 17 years of age: The Iowa Fluoride Study. J Public Health Dent. 2023 Mar;83(1):18-25. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12542.
• Bhagavatula P, Moore A, Rein L, Szabo A, Ibrahim M. Multi-state outcome analysis of treatment interventions after failure of non-surgical root canal treatment: a 13-year retrospective study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2021 Sep 3;29:e20201079. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-1079.
• Haxhia E, Ibrahim M, Bhagavatula P. Root-end Surgery or Nonsurgical Retreatment: Are There Differences in Long-term Outcome? J Endod. 2021 Aug;47(8):1272-1277. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.024.
• Bhoopathi V, Luo H, Moss M, Bhagavatula P. Unmet Dental Care Need and Associated Barriers by Race/Ethnicity among US Adults. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2021 Apr;6(2):213-221. doi: 10.1177/2380084420923576.
• Yavorek A, Bhagavatula P, Patel K, Szabo A, Ibrahim M. The Incidence of Root Canal Therapy after Full-Coverage Restorations: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. J Endod. 2020 May;46(5):605-610. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.025.
• Yee K, Bhagavatula P, Stover S, Eichmiller F, Hashimoto L, MacDonald S, Barkley G 3rd. (2018) Survival Rates of Teeth with Primary Endodontic Treatment after Core/Post and Crown Placement. Journal of Endodontics, 44(2):220-225
• Bhagavatula P, Curtis A, Broffitt B, Weber-Gasparoni K, Warren J, Levy SM (2018). The relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late-erupting permanent teeth. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 78(2):165-174
• Bhagavatula, P., Xiang, Q., Szabo, P. A., Fichmiller, F., Okunseri, C. E. (2017). Dental Procedures Received by Children Enrolled in Wisconsin Delta Dental and Medicaid Programs. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 77 (1), 86-92.
• Burry, J. C., Stover, S., Eichmiller, F., Bhagavatula, P. (2016). Outcomes of Primary Endodontic Therapy Provided by Endodontic Specialists Compared with Other Providers. Journal of Endodontics, 42 (5), 702-705.
• Bhagavatula, P., Levy, S. M., Broffitt, B., Weber-Gasparoni, K., Warren, J. J. (2016). Timing of fluoride intake and dental fluorosis on late-erupting permanent teeth. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 44 (1), 32-45.
• Burry, J., Stover, S. E., Fichmiller, F. E., Bhagavatula, P. (2016). Outcomes Evaluation of Non-Surgical Root Canal Therapy by General Practitioner or Endodontist. Journal of Endodontics, 42 (5), 702-5.

• Prevention of Degradation of Dentin Collagen Matrix by Proteases 
• Dentin/Pulp Complex Regeneration  
• Fiber Reinforced Composite Restorations 
• Ion-releasing Dental Biomaterials 
• Remineralization of Tooth Hard Tissue 

• Novel Strategies for Regenerative Dentistry  
• Optimization of Dentin-Pulp Regeneration by Using a Smart Multilayer Scaffold  
• Xylitol Enhances Odontogenic Regeneration 
• Interaction between Dentin and Collagen Crosslinkers 
• Effect of MMP Inactivation on Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts 
• A New Pontic Design for Inlay Retained Fiber-Reinforced Fixed Partial Dentures 

• R. Seseogullari-Dirihan, Kenichi Kuroda, Peter X Ma, A. Tezvergil-Mutluay. ‘Xylitol Enhances Odontogenic Differentiation on Dental Pulp Stem Cells.’ Dental Materials, 2023;39:e25 
• Bhat R, Godovikova V, Flannagan S, Li Y, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, González-Cabezas C, Kuroda K. ‘Targeting cariogenic oral biofilms by charge-switching smart antimicrobial polymers’. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2023;9(1):318-328.  
• Forgione D, Nassar M, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Tezvergil A. ‘Effect of phytic acid on dentinal collagen solubilization and its binding and debinding potentials to dentin’.  Journal of Dentistry, 2023:128:104361.  
• Salim I, Stape THS, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Mutluay M, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Imizato S. ‘The inhibitory effects of various ions released from S-PRG fillers on dentin protease activity’. Dental Materials Journal, 2023;42(1):99-10.  
• Stape THS, Viita-Aho T, Sezinando A, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Eleftheriadi E, Mutluay M, Tezvergil-Mutluay A. ‘To etch or not to etch, Part II: On the hydrophobic-rich content and fatigue strength of universal adhesives.’ Dental Materials 2022;38(8):1419-1431.  
• Parise Gré C, Pedrollo Lise D, Ayres AP, De Munck J, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Lopes GC, Van Landuyt K, Van Meerbeek B. ‘Do collagen cross-linkers improve dentin’s bonding receptiveness?’. Dental Materials, 2018;34(11):1679-1689.  
• Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Tekbas Atay M, Pashley DH, Tezvergıl-Mutluay A. ‘Inhibitory effect of curcumınoid pretreatments on endogenous dentin proteases.’ Dental Materials Journal, 2018;7(3):445-452.  
• Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Mutluay MM, Tjäderhane L, Breschi L, Pashley DH, Tezvergil-Mutluay A.  ‘Effect of pH on dentin protease inactivation by carbodiimide’. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2017;125(4):288-293.  

• Oral health in children
• Caries risk assessment in children

• The Use of the Hall Technique Stainless Steel Crowns by Pediatric Dentists in the United States
• Evaluation of the impact of a pre-doctoral infant oral health program on the attitudes and behaviors of graduated general dentists
• Relationship Between Neighborhood Food Environment and Dental Caries among Milwaukee Children

• Aksoy B, Güngör HC, Uysal S, Gonzalez CD, Ölmez S. Ferric sulfate pulpotomy in primary teeth with different base materials: a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Quintessence Int 2022;53:782-789
• Gonzalez CD, Hodgson B, Singh M, Okunseri C. Hall Technique: Knowledge and Attitudes of Pediatric Dentists in the United States. J Dent Child 2021;88(2):86-93.
• Davenport M, Welles AD, Angelopoulou MV, Gonzalez C, Okunseri C, Barbeau L, Bansal NK, Vergotine RJ, Hodgson BD. Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in Milwaukee, USA. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019 May 30;11:109-11
• Angelopoulou MV, Shanti SD, Gonzalez CD, Love A, Jeffrey Ch. Association of Food Insecurity with Early Childhood Caries. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 1-7, 2018
• Zahdan B, Szabo A, Gonzalez CD, Okunseri E, Okunseri C. Survival Rate of Stainless Steel Crowns and Multi-Surface Composite Restorations Placed by Denatl Students in a Pediatric Clinic. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. Vol 42, Number 3, 2018.
• Okunseri C, Okunseri E, Garcia R, DMD, Gonzalez C, Visotcky A, Szabo A. Impact of Wisconsin’s Medicaid Policy Change on Dental Sealants Utilization. Health Services Journal (Wiley online library) 312-325, 2016.

• Pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases
• Digital dentistry
• Guided implant surgery

• Accuracy of implant placement
• Finite-element analysis of periodontal structures
• Digital dentistry

• Dederichs M, Joedecke P, Weber CT, GUENTSCH A. Functional Load Capacity of Teeth with Reduced Periodontal Support: A Finite Element Analysis. Bioengineering 2023; 10:1330.
• Dederichs M, Lackner O, Kuepper H, Decker M, Viebranz S, Hennig C-L, GUENTSCH A, Kuepper C. An Explorative Evaluation on the Influence of Filler Content of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) on Adhesive Bond to Different Luting Resin Cements. Journal of Composites Science 2023; 7:456
• GUENTSCH A, Bjork J, Saxe R, Han S, Dentino AR. An in-vitro analysis of the accuracy of different guided surgery systems - They are not all the same. Clinical Oral Implants Research 2023 Mar 9. doi: 10.1111/clr.14061
• Dederichs M, Viebranz S, An H, GUENTSCH A, Kuepper H. Wear pattern-associated color stability of prefabricated composite veneers versus ceramic veneers. Journal of Prosthodontics 2023; 32: 646-652
• GUENTSCH A, An H, Dentino AR. Precision and trueness of computer-assisted implant placement using static surgical guides with open and closed sleeves: An in vitro analysis. Clinical Oral Implants Research 2022; 33: 441-450
• Bock B, GUENTSCH A, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Filz C, Rudovsky M, Schüler IM. Effect of Individualized Oral Health Care Training Provided to 6-16-Year-Old Psychiatric In-Patients-Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19: 15615. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192315615.
• Smoljan M, Hussein MO, GUENTSCH A, Ibrahim M. Influence of progressive versus minimal canal preparations on the fracture resistance of mandibular molars: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Journal of Endodontics 2021; 47: 932-938
• Dederichs M, Fahmy MD, An H, GUENTSCH A, Viebranz S, Kuepper H. Comparison of wear resistance of prefabricated composite veneers versus ceramic and enamel. Journal of Prosthodontics 2021; 30: 711-719
• Dentino AR, Lee D, Dentino K, GUENTSCH A, Tahriri M. Inhibition of Candida albicans and mixed salivary bacterial biofilms on antimicrobial loaded phosphate poly(methyl methacrylate). Antibiotics 2021; 10: 427
• Rawal SY, GUENTSCH A. Clinical case-based problem-solving examination in periodontics. Journal of Dental Education 2021; 85 (S1): 885-887) 
• Guentsch A. (2020). Antibiotics against periodontal biofilms. In: Eick S. (eds) Biofilms, Monograph in Oral Sciences. Kager, Basel (in print) DOI: 10.1159/000510188
• Guentsch A, Sukhtankar L, An H, Luepke PG. Accuracy of implant placement with and without static surgical guides. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2020.
• Rawal SY, Guentsch A. Clinical case-based problem solving examination in periodontics. Journal of Dental Education 2020; doe: 10.1002/jdd.12249 (PMID: 32524608; IF 1.322)
• Guentsch A, Fahmy MD, Wehrle C, Nietzsche S, Popp J, Watts D, Kranz S, Krafft C, Sigusch BW. Effect of Biomimetic Mineralization on Enamel and Dentin: A Raman and EDX analysis. Dental Materials 2019; 35: 1300-1307 (PMID: 31208774; IF 4.039)
• Dederichs M, Fahmy MD, Kuepper H, Guentsch A. A new Gingival Sulcus Model for Comparison of Gingival Retraction Materials. Journal of Prosthodontics 2019, 28: 784-789 (PMID: 31206914; IF 1.750)
• Guentsch A, Stier C, Raschke GF, Peisker A, Fahmy MD, Kuepper H, Schueler I. Oral health and dental anxiety in a German practice-based sample. Clinical Oral Investigation 2017; 21: 1675-1680 (PMID: 27596605; IF 2.207)

• Preventive dentistry
• Vital pulp treatment in primary and permanent teeth
• Dental traumatic injuries

• Investigation of the Effect of Saliva Contamination on Microleakage of Fissure Sealants Applied with Different Protocols
• In Vitro Evaluation of Different Protocols For Preventing Microleakage of Fissure Sealants Placed Following Saliva Contamination
• A Retrospective Study of Traumatic Dental Injuries to the Primary Dentition
• Parental Level of Knowledge Regarding Dental Traumatic Injuries
• Evaluation of the Pediatric Dentists’ Views on the Factors Affecting the Dentist Perception of Preschool Children
• Clinical Performance of A Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Applied as Fissure Sealant on Still-Erupting Permanent Molars: A Randomized Controlled Prospective Study

• Aksoy B, Güngör HC, Uysal S, Gonzales CD, Ölmez S. Ferric sulfate pulpotomy in primary teeth with different base materials: a 2-year randomized controlled trial. Quintessence Int. 2022 Jun 21;0(0):2-9. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b3149429. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35726548
• Canoğlu E, Güngör HC, Uysal S. Direct Pulp Capping of Primary Molars with Calcium Hydroxide or MTA Using Different Agents for Hemostasis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pediatr Dent 2022:44(3):167-173.
• Özgür B, Ünverdi GE, Güngör HC, McTigue DJ, Casamassimo PS. A 3-Year retrospective study of traumatic dental Injuries to the primary dentition. Dental Traumatology. 2021;00:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12657
• Şimşek H, Yazıcı AR, Güngör HC. In Vitro Evaluation of Different Protocols for Preventing Microleakage of Fissure Sealants Placed Following Saliva Contamination. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020 Aug 1;44(4):240-248. doi: 10.17796/1053-4625-44.4.5.
• Özgür N, Ballıkaya E, Güngör HC, Ataç AS. Turkish Pediatric Dentists’ Knowledge, Experiences and Attitudes Regarding Child Physical Abuse. Int Dent J 2020;70(2):145-151.
• Atasever G, Keçeli TI, Uysal S, Güngör HC, Ölmez S. Primary molar pulpotomies with different hemorrhage control agents and base materials- A randomized clinical trial. Nigerian J Clin Prac 2019;22(3):305-312.

• Biostatistics and data science in dentistry and public health
• Machine learning in biomedical science
• Statistical (epi)genetics and genomics

• Refining mutation rates and measures of purifying selection with an application to understanding the impact of non-coding variation on neuropsychiatric diseases
• Statistical rare variant analysis for autism spectrum disorders by leveraging functional annotations

• GUENTSCH A, Bjork J, Saxe R, Han S, Dentino AR. An in-vitro analysis of the accuracy of different guided surgery systems - They are not all the same. Clinical Oral Implants Research 2023 Mar 9. doi: 10.1111/clr.14061
• Hamdan M, Badr Z, Bjork J, Saxe R, Malensek F, Miller C, Shah R, Han S, Rahimi H. Detection of dental restorations using no-code artificial intelligence. J Dent. 2023;104745 doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104768.
• Hongmei Zhang, Xianzheng Huang, Shengtong Han, Faisal I. Rezwan, Wilfried Karmaus, Hasan Arshad, John W. Holloway (2021). Gaussian Bayesian network comparisons with graph ordering unknown. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 157, 107156.
• Lulu Hu, Yuwen Liu, Shengtong Han, Lei Yang, Xiaolong Cui, Yawei Gao, Qing Dai, Xingyu Lu, Xiaochen Kou, Yanhong Zhao, Wenhui Sheng, Shaorong Gao, Xin He and Chuan He (2019). Jump-seq: genome-wide capture and amplification of 5hmC sites. Journal of American Chemical Society, 141, 22, 8694-8697.
• Shengtong Han, Hongmei Zhang, Wenhui Sheng, Hasan Arshad (2019). The nested joint clustering via Dirichlet process mixture model. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 89, 815-830.
• Shengtong Han, Hongmei Zhang, Wilfried Karmaus, Graham Roberts, Hasan Arshad (2017). Adjusting background noise in cluster analysis of longitudinal data. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 109, 93-104.
• Shengtong Han, Hongmei Zhang, Gabrielle A. Lockett, Nandini Mukherjee, John W. Holloway, Wilfried J.J. Karmaus (2015). Identifying heterogeneous transgenerational DNA Methylation sites via clustering in Beta regression. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 9, 2052-2072.
• Shengtong Han, Raymond K. W. Wong, Thomas C. M. Lee, Linghao Shen, Shuo-Yen R. Li, Xiaodan Fan (2014). A Full Bayesian Approach for Boolean Genetic Network Inference. PLoS ONE,9(12): e115806. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0115806.

• Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry
• CBCT
• Craniofacial Growth

• Craniofacial Growth Prediction Using Machine Learning
• Statistical rare variant analysis for autism spectrum disorders by leveraging functional annotations

• Hamdan, M. H., Tuzova, L., Mol, A., Tawil, P. Z., Tuzoff, D., & Tyndall, D. A. (2022). The effect of a deep-learning tool on dentists’ performances in detecting apical radiolucencies on periapical radiographs. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology,51, 20220122.
• Hamdan, M. (2021). Detecting Apical Radiolucencies Using Deep Learning Technology (Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).
• Hassona, Y., Hamdan, M., Shqaidef, A., Abu Karaky, A., & Scully, C. (2015). Ellis‐Van Creveld syndrome: dental management considerations and description of a new oral finding.Special Care in Dentistry,35(6), 312-315.

• Near infra-red phototherapy
• Evidence-based clinical outcomes
• Patients with Special Health Care Needs
• Cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis

• Panoral vs. Intra-oral Bitewing radiographs for caries detection
• Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization
• Third molar development in 8 year old children

• Dey S, Tunio M, Boryc LC, Hodgson BD, Garcia GJM. Quantifying strategies to minimize aerosol dispersion in dental clinics. Exp Comput Multiph Flow. 2023;5(3):290-303. doi: 10.1007/s42757-022-0157-3.
• Gonzalez C, Hodgson B, Singh M, Okunseri C. Hall Technique: Knowledge and Attitudes of Pediatric Dentists in the United States. J Dent Child (Chic). 2021 May 15;88(2):86-93.
• Tagelsir Ahmed A, Hodgson BD, Martinez-Mier EA. Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization Studies. J Am Dent Assoc. 2020 Nov;151(11):810-811. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.09.015.
• Okunseri CE., HODGSON, BD. Okunseri E., Garcia R., Visotcky A, Szabo A. Sealants and Restorative Treatment for First Molars Among Medicaid Enrollees. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2020. E-Pub. SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85087569144 01/01/2020.
• Davenport M, Welles AD, Angelopoulou MV, Gonzalez C, Okunseri C, Barbeau L, Bansal NK, Vergotine RJ, Hodgson BD. Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA: a pilot study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019 May 30;11:109-117. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S172736.
• Youssef MJ, Siegel DH, Chiu YE, Drolet BA, Hodgson BD. Dental root abnormalities in four children with PHACE syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019 Jul;36(4):505-508. doi: 10.1111/pde.13818. Epub 2019 Apr 1.
• Migliorati C, Hewson I, Lalla RV, Antunes HS, Estilo CL, Hodgson B, Fontana Lopes NN, Schubert MM, Bowen J, Elad S. Systematic review of laser and other light therapy for the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 2013;21:333–341
• Hodgson BD, Margolis DM, Salzman DE, Eastwood D, Tarima S, Williams LD, Sande JE, Vaughan WP, Whelan HT. Amelioration of oral mucositis pain by NASA near infra red light emitting diodes in bone marrow transplant patients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 2012;20(7):1405–1415.
• Hodgson BD, Pyszka B, Henry MM, Buchman E, Whelan HT. Effect of Photobiomodulation on Vinblastine Poisoned Murine HERS Cells. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2011;29(4):233–7.
• Hong CH, Napeñas JJ, Hodgson BD, Stokman MA, Mathers VM, Elting LS, Brennan MT. A systematic review of dental disease in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Supportive Care in Cancer, April 2010;18:1007–21.
• Vergotine RJ, Hodgson B, Lambert L. Pulp polyp associated with a natal tooth: case report. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 2009;34(2):161–4.
• Hodgson BD, Davies K, Gonzalez, CD. The acrocallosal syndrome: A literature review and case report. Journal of Dentistry for Children (Chic) 2009 May-Aug;76(2):170–7.

• Hydrodynamic disinfection
• Teaching models and learning modes
• Finite element analysis of cracked teeth
• Computational Fluid Dynamics

• Computational Fluid dynamics of irrigating devices.
• Finite Element Analysis of immature teeth and cracked teeth.
• Interactive learning
• Learning modes and education improvement.

• Tsatalis A, Singh M, Freer E, Ibrahim M. Impact of learning-style-based education on student performance and perception in preclinical endodontics. J Dent Educ. 2022 Aug;86(8):949-957. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12911.
• Bhagavatula P, Moore A, Rein L, Szabo A, Ibrahim M. Multi-state outcome analysis of treatment interventions after failure of non-surgical root canal treatment: a 13-year retrospective study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2021 Sep 3;29:e20201079. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-1079.
• Smoljan M, Hussein MO, Guentsch A, Ibrahim M. Influence of progressive versus minimal canal preparations on the fracture resistance of mandibular molars: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Journal of Endodontics 2021; 47: 932-938
• Haxhia E, Ibrahim M, Bhagavatula P. Root-end Surgery or Nonsurgical Retreatment: Are There Differences in Long-term Outcome? J Endod. 2021 Aug;47(8):1272-1277. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.04.024.
• Yavorek A, Bhagavatula P, Patel K, Szabo A, Ibrahim M. The Incidence of Root Canal Therapy after Full-Coverage Restorations: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. J Endod. 2020 May;46(5):605-610. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.025.
• Khoshroo K, Shah B, Johnson A, Baeten J, Barry K, Tahriri M, Ibrahim M, Tayebi L. A new phantom to evaluate the tissue dissolution ability of endodontic irrigants and activating devices. Restor Dent Endod. 2020 Aug 24;45(4):e45. doi: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e45. Erratum in: Restor Dent Endod. 2022 Nov 02;47(4):e44.
• Dashtimoghadam E, Johnson A, Fahimipour F, Malakoutian M, Vargas J, Gonzalez J, Ibrahim M, Baeten J, Tayebi L. Vibrational and sonochemical characterization of ultrasonic endodontic activating devices for translation to clinical efficacy. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020 Apr;109:110646. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110646. Epub 2020 Jan 7. Erratum in: Biomater Adv. 2022 Nov;142:213131.
• Butcher S, Mansour A, Ibrahim M. Influence of Apical Preparation Size on Effective Conventional Irrigation in the Apical Third: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Eur Endod J. 2019 Feb 6;4(1):9-14. doi: 10.14744/eej.2018.06078.

• Dental Public Health and Health Services Research
• Patient Safety and Quality Improvement 
• Dental Diagnostic Terminologies
• Learning Health Systems and Health Information Technology
• Academic Healthcare and Leadership

• Informatics Approaches to Understand and Reduce Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing by Dentists
• Open Wide Learning Lab (OWLL): Improving Patient Safety in Dentistry
• Optimizing Acute Post-Operative Dental Pain Management Using New Health Information Technology
• Implementing Dental Quality Measures in Practice
• Diagnostic Failures in Dentistry
• Pediatric Adverse Event Risk Reduction for High-Risk Medications in Children and Adolescent: Improving Pediatric Patient Safety in Dental Practices

• Walji MF, Spallek H, Kookal KK, Barrow J, Magnuson B, Tiwari T, Oyoyo U, Brandt M, Howe BJ, Anderson GC, White JM, Kalenderian E. BigMouth: development and maintenance of a successful dental data repository. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2022 Mar 15;29(4):701-706. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocac001. PMID: 35066586; PMCID: PMC8922177.
• Yansane, A., Tokede, B., Etolue, J., Walji, M., Obadan-Udoh, E., Kalenderian, E.  Utilization and Validity of the Dental Diagnostic System Over Time in Academic and Private Practice. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2019 Apr; 4(2):143-150. doi: 10.1177/2380084418815150. PMID: 30931711; PMCID: PMC7068742.
• Tokede B, Yansane A, Ibarra-Noriega A, Mullins J, Simmons K, Skourtes N, Mehta U, Tungare S, Holmes D, White J, Walji M, Kalenderian E. Evaluating the Impact of an mHealth Platform for Managing Acute Postoperative Dental Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2023 Oct 20;11:e49677. doi: 10.2196/49677. PMID: 37933185; PMCID: PMC10644946.
• Kalenderian E, White J, Yansane AI, Urata J, Holmes D, Funkhouser K, Mungia R, Xiao J, Rauschenberger C, Ibarra-Noriega A, Tran D, Rindal DB, Spallek H, Walji M. Study protocol: understanding pain after dental procedures, an observational study within the National Dental PBRN. BMC Oral Health. 2022 Dec 9;22(1):581. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02573-9. PMID: 36494795; PMCID: PMC9733211.
• Zouaidi K, Olson G, Lee HH, Kalenderian E, Walji MF. An Observational Retrospective Study of Adverse Events and Behavioral Outcomes During Pediatric Dental Sedation. Pediatr Dent. 2022 May 15;44(3):174-180. PMID: 35799341; PMCID: PMC9648664.
• Tokede, B., Yansane, A., White, J., Bangar, S., Mullins, J., Brandon, R., Gantela, S., Kookal, K., Rindal, D., Lee, CT., Lin, GH., Spallek, H., Kalenderian, E., Walji, M.  Translating periodontal data to knowledge in a learning health system. J Am Dent Assoc 2022:153(10):996-1004. Doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.06.007. PMCID: PMC9830777
• Walji MF, Yansane A, Hebballi NB, Ibarra-Noriega AM, Kookal KK, Tungare S, Kent K, McPharlin R, Delattre V, Obadan-Udoh E, Tokede O, White J, Kalenderian E. Finding Dental Harm to Patients through Electronic Health Record-Based Triggers. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2020 Jul;5(3):271-277. doi: 10.1177/2380084419892550. Epub 2019 Dec 10. PMID: 31821766; PMCID: PMC7298886.
• Kalenderian E, Obadan-Udoh E, Maramaldi P, Etolue J, Yansane A, Stewart D, White J, Vaderhobli R, Kent K, Hebballi NB, Delattre V, Kahn M, Tokede O, Ramoni RB, Walji MF. Classifying Adverse Events in the Dental Office. J Patient Saf. 2021 Sep 1;17(6):e540-e556. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000407. PMID: 28671915; PMCID: PMC5748012.
• Kalenderian E, Lee JH, Obadan-Udoh EM, Yansane A, White JM, Walji MF. Development of an Inventory of Dental Harms: Methods and Rationale. J Patient Saf. 2022 Sep 1;18(6):559-564. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000001033. Epub 2022 Jun 30. PMID: 35771964; PMCID: PMC9391256.
• Bangar, S., Neumann, A., White J.M., Yansane A., Johnson, T.R., Olson G.W., Kumar S.W., Kumar Kookal, K., Kim A., Obadan-Udoh E., Mertz E., Simmons K., Mullins J., Brandon R., Walji M.F., Kalenderian, E. Caries Risk Documentation and Prevention: eMeasures For Dental Electronic Health Records. Appl Clin Inform. 2022 Jan;13(1):80-90. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1740920. PMID: 35045582; PMCID: PMC8769809

• Severe early childhood decay

• Fine arts in dental education

• Dental literacy in low-income dental patients
• Anxiety, well-being and holistic health in first-year dental students
• Human connectivity and performance 
• The use of SDF (Sodium Diamine Fluoride) to arrest cavitated lesions in children

• Sahni J, Lin WS, Kilinc E, Abdelaal M, Ganesan S, Spears R, Karl E. Advancing climate change education in the dental curriculum. J Dent Educ. 2024 Jul 10. doi: 10.1002/jdd.13661.

• Siddanna G, Smith B, Mantesso A, Ramaswamy V, de Peralta T, Karl E. The Use of Fine Arts to Enhance Visualization and Describing Skills in a First-Year Dental Anatomy Course: A Qualitative Study. Oral. 2024; 4(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.3390/oral4010001

• Siddanna G, Barry C, Karl E. Three-dimensional art drawing techniques in the dental anatomy curriculum. J Dent Educ. 2023 Dec;87 Suppl 3:1870-1872. doi: 10.1002/jdd.13298.

• Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD)
• Oral Cancer

• Effect of hypnosis on the treatment of TMD
• Role of VEGF in Oral Squamous cell carcinoma

• Pahuja BI, Khaled YA. “Implementing Mass Level Strategies Towards Prevention of Periodontal Disease” Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, July 24, 2019.
• Khaled YA, Pahuja BI. Clinical Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Dentinal Hypersensitivity” Cientific Dental research Journal, June 25, 2019.
• Khaled YA, Pahuja BI “Identifying the different kinds of Oral Candida Species in Denture wearing Patients” EC Dental Science, June 17, 2019.
• Khaled YA, Pahuja BI “Condition requiring endodontic treatment to maintain the integrity of periodontium” Journal of Dental Science, Oral and Maxillofacial Research, June 05, 2019.
• Khaled YA. “Integration of Oral Medicine in Clinical teaching” EC Dental Science, March 22, 2019.
• Khaled, Y. A.” Using physical therapy to treat temporomandibular disorders. A cohort study” Journal of dental Science, June 25th, 2018

• Wound healing following implant site development and implant placement procedures
• Patient-centered outcomes

• Wound healing and patient-centered outcomes following guided bone regeneration and implant placement
• Patient perception of complications and reasons for additional post-operative consultation
• Papillary changes following extraction in the esthetic zone

• Kofina V., Monfaredzadeh M., Rawal SY., Dentino AR., Singh M., Tatakis DN. Patient-reported outcomes following guided bone regeneration: Correlation with clinical parameters. Journal of Dentistry 2023 Sep;136:104605
• Kofina V., Wang YS., Fial A., Tatakis DN. Intra-marrow penetrations and root coverage outcomes: A systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2023 May 3; 23(1):256 
• Kofina V, Lindholm D, Harunani A, Dentino AR, Singh M, Tatakis DN. Post-surgical emergency after-hours calls: Prevalence, concerns, and management. J Dent Educ.  2022;1-9
• Kofina V., An H., Rawal SY.  Iatrogenic acid-induced gingival recession during crown cementation: A case report. Australian Dental Journal 2021; 66: 332-336
• Kofina V, Demirer M, Erdal BS, et al. Bone grafting history affects soft tissue healing following implant placement. J Periodontol. 2020;1–10.
• Dodge A, Kreh K, Kofina V, Rawal SY. Sublingual emphysema following alveoloplasty: A case report. Clin Case Rep. 2020;00:1–4.

• Vibration and ultrasound to modulate bone remodeling
• Induction of external apical root resorption
• Mechanotransduction in bone
• Biomechanics in clinical orthodontics and adult patient treatment

• Mechanotransduction in bone
• Roles of mechanical factors in external apical root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement

• Idso S, Holloway J, Patel P, Zhao L, Forbes D, Liu D. Airway changes in patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate (UCL/P) after maxillary advancement. Angle Orthod. 2023;93:727-735.
• Abu Arqub S, Gandhi V, Iverson MG, Alam MK, Allareddy V, Liu D, Yadav S, Mehta S. Radiographic and histological assessment of root resorption associated with conventional and mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2022; 44: 679-689.
• Karras T, Singh M, Karkazis E, Liu D, Nimeri G, Ahuja B: Efficacy of Invisalign attachments: A retrospective study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2021; 160: 250-258.
• Nimeri G, Curry J, Berzins D, Liu D, Ahuja B, Lobner D. Cytotoxic evaluation of two orthodontic silver solder materials on human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells and the effects of antioxidant and antiapoptotic reagents. The Angle Orthodontist 2021; 91: 349-355.
• Chen Z, Patwari M, Liu D. Cytotoxicity of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2019; 5: 648-654.
• Liu D, Grauer D. Residents’ Journal Review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2016; 150: 727-729.
• R.N. Kulkarni, P. Voglewede, D. Liu. Mechanical Vibration inhibits osteoclast formation by reducing DC-STAMP receptor expression in osteoclast precursor cells. BONE. 2013, 57: 493-498.
• Y Chang, LJ Koenig, JE Pruszynski, TG Bradley, JA Bosio, D Liu. Dimensional changes of the upper airway after rapid maxillary expansion: a prospective cone-beam computed tomography study. American Journal of  Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2013; 143: 462-470.
• Bosio J, Liu D. Moving teeth faster, better and painless. Is it possible? Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. 2010, 15: 14-17.
• Lau E, Al-Dujaili S, Guenther A, Liu D, Wang L, You L. Effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration on osteocytes in the regulation of osteoclasts. BONE. 2010, 46: 1508-1515.
• Zhou X, Liu D, You L, Wang L. Estimation of Wall Shear Stress in a Rocking Culture Dish. Journal of Biomechanics. 2010, 43: 1598-1602.
• Liu D, Genetos DC, Shao Y, Gesit DJ, Li J, Ke HZ, Turner CH, Duncan RL. Activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) by fluid shear is Ca(2+)- and ATP dependent in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Bone 2008;42:644–652.
• Liu D, Ou ZS. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) induces opposite metabolic responses of osteocytes versus cementoblasts in vitro. J Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interact 2007;7(4):364–365.
•  Kimihiko Sawakami, Alexander G. Robling, Minrong Ai, Nathaniel D. Pitner, D Liu, S.J. Warden, J Li, P Maye, D.W. Rowe, RL. Duncan, ML. Warman, Charles H. Turner. The Wnt Co-Receptor LRP5 is Essential for Skeletal Mechanotransduction, but Not for the Anabolic Bone Resorption to Parathyroid Hormone Treatment. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2006, 281: 23698-23711.

• Oral Epidemiology and Oral Health Disparities
• Health Services Research: Service delivery, Access to care, Policy and Cost/Quality of care
• Oral Health Prevention and Health Promotion

• Dental care and emergency departments
• Dental service utilization in children, adolescents and adults
• Preventive care services

• Okunseri C, Zbin S, Zheng C, Eichmiller F, Okunseri E, Szabo A. Emergency department visits and dental procedures: Mission of Mercy, 2013–2016. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019;11:157-162.
• Li KY, Okunseri CE, McGrath C, Wong MCM. Self-reported general and oral health in adults in the United States: NHANES 1999-2014. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019;11:399-408.
• Wagner K, Szabo A, Zheng C, Okunseri E, Okunseri C. Billed and Paid Amounts for Preventive Procedures in Dental Medicaid. JDR Clin Transl Res. 2019;4(4):371-377.
• Davenport M, Welles AD, Angelopoulou M V., et al. Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA: A pilot study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019;11:109-117.
• Okunseri C, Eggert E, Zheng C, Eichmiller F, Okunseri E, Szabo A. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Mission of Mercy Attendees in Wisconsin. JDR Clin Transl Res. July 2019:2380084419859846.
• Shenkin JD, Warren J, Spanbauer C, Okunseri E, Szabo A, Okunseri C. Hospital emergency department visits by ambulance for nontraumatic tooth pain in the USA. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2018;10:159-163. 

• Biomaterials and tissue engineering
• Disability and oral health
• Medically compromised patients and oral health
• Minimally invasive dentistry
• Oral health care of special health needs patients

• Qasim SB, Zafar MS, Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Shah AH, Husain S, Rehman IU. Electrospinning of Chitosan-Based Solutions for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan 30;19(2):407.
• Shah AH, ElHaddad SA. Oral hygiene behavior, smoking, and perceived oral health problems among university students. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015 Jul-Aug;5(4):327-33.
• Shah AH, Naseem M, Khan MS, Asiri FYI, AlQarni I, Gulzar S, Nagarajappa R. Oral health knowledge and attitude among caregivers of special needs patients at a Comprehensive Rehabilitation Centre: an analytical study. Ann Stomatol (Roma). 2018 Mar 8;8(3):110-116.
• Khawja SG, Arora R, Shah AH, Wyne AH, Sharma A. Maternal Dental Anxiety and its Effect on Caries Experience Among Children in Udaipur, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Jun;9(6):ZC42-5.
• Shah AH, Sheddi FM, Alharqan MS, Khawja SG, Vohra F, Akram Z, Faden AA, Khalil HS. Knowledge and Attitude among General Dental Practitioners towards Minimally Invasive Dentistry in Riyadh and AlKharj. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Jul;10(7):ZC90-4.
• Naseem M, Shah AH, Khiyani MF, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Gulzar S, AlJameel AH, Khalil HS. Access to oral health care services among adults with learning disabilities: a scoping review. Ann Stomatol (Roma). 2017 Jan 10;7(3):52-59.
• Diab HM, Motlaq SS, Alsharare A, Alshammery A, Alshammery N, Khawja SG, Shah AH. Comparison of Gingival Health and Salivary Parameters among Autistic and Non-Autistic School Children in Riyadh. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Oct;10(10):ZC110-ZC113.
• Shah AH, NA Bindayel, FM AlOlaywi, SA Sheehan, HH AlQahtani, AM AlShalwi. Oral health status of a group at a special needs centre in AlKharj, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Disability and Oral Health, 16(3):79-85, 2015.

• Bone regeneration and bone graft substitutes
• Bone augmentation and implant placement procedures
• Tissue engineering
• Temporomandibular joint disorders
• Patient-centered outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery

• Sinus and vertical bone augmentation and simultaneous implant placement using autogenous or allograft bone ring techniques.
• Evaluation of the effects of bone augmentation techniques on implant success.
• Tissue healing and patient comfort of flapped and flapless implant surgery
• Temporomandibular joint surgery for internal derangements.
• Effects of alveolar cleft repair on voice acoustics.

• Tatli U, Surmelioglu O, Tukel HC, Kurkcu M, Benlidayi ME. Effects of orthognathic surgery on voice characteristics. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021;79(1):225.e1-225.e15.
• Tatli U, Benlidayi IC, Salimov F, Guzel R. Effectiveness of kinesio taping on postoperative morbidity after impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20200159.
• Tukel HC, Tatli U. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of sinus membrane perforation during lateral window sinus lifting: analysis of 120 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(9):1189-1194.
• Tatli U, Benlidayi ME, Ekren O, Salimov F. Comparison of the effectiveness of three different treatment methods for temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(5):603-609.
• Namli H, Erdogan O, Gonlusen G, Kahraman OE, Aydin HM, Karabag S, Tatli U. Vertical bone augmentation using bone marrow-derived stem cells: an in vivo study in the rabbit calvaria. Implant Dent. 2016;25(1):54-62.
• Tatli U, Ustun Y, Kurkcu M, Erdogan O, Gurbuz CC, Ozgur H, Polat S. Effects of zoledronic acid on healing of mandibular fractures: an experimental study in rabbits. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;69(6):1726-35.

• Tissue engineering
• Bone grafts and bone graft substitutes
• Osteoinductive substances and materials
• Retrieval and implant analyses

• Delivery of osteoinductive proteins on implants
• Pre-clinical testing of orthopaedic and dental biomaterials
• Retrieval analysis of explanted spine devices and dental implants
• Evaluation of Bone void fillers and synthetic bone graft substitutes.

• Masson-Meyers D, Tabatabaei F, Steinhaus L, Toth JM, Tayebi L:  Development of Fibroblast/ Endothelial Cell-Seeded Collagen Scaffolds for in vitro Prevascularization.  Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part A, 111(3):633-645, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35182.
• Toth JM, Ankomah F, Kawakami N, Uno K: A Comparison of the Inflammatory Host Response to Particulate Debris Adjacent to Unlocked and Locked Screws of a Growth Guidance System for Early Onset Scoliosis. European Spine Journal, 31(9):2301-2310, September 2022.  DOI 10.1007/s00586-022-07271-2
• Guilak F, Estes BT, Enomoto M, Moutos FT, Carson MA, Toth JM, Eggert P, Stallrich J, Willard V, Veis DJ, Little D, Lascelles BDX:  Biological Resurfacing in a Canine Model of Hip Osteoarthritis.  Science Advances, 7(38): DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5918, September 15, 2021.
• Toth JM, Bric JD: An Evaluation of the Host Response to an Interspinous Process Device Based on a Series of Spine Explants: Device for Intervertebral Assisted Motion (DIAM®). Journal of Spine Surgery, 5(4): 483-495, 2019.
• Toth JM: Chapter 8: “Biocompatibility of Polyaryletheretherketone Polymers.” In: The PEEK Biomaterials Handbook. 2nd Edition. Ed by Stephen M. Kurtz. Elsevier Publishing, Maryland Heights, MO, Pages 107-119, 2019.
• Dunkley IR, Vickers SM, Badura JM, Toth JM: A Histological Assessment of the Mechanism of Early-Stage Healing of a Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in an In Vivo Rabbit Model. Key Engineering Materials, 782:275-282, 2018.
• Roberts HW, Toth JM, Berzins DW, Charlton DG. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Versatile Biomaterial for Endodontic Treatment. Dent Mat 2008;24:149–164.
• Al Jabbari YS, Fournelle RA, Ziebert G, Toth JM, and Iacopino AM. Mechanical Behavior and Failure Analysis of Prosthetic Retaining Screws after Long-Term Use In-vivo. Parts I through IV. J Prosth Dent 2008;17:149–210.