GUIDE TO CATHOLIC RECORDS ABOUT NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE U.S.
Volume 2: Midwest United States
South Dakota: SD-24
Red Cloud Indian School System and Pine Ridge Reservation Churches
100 Mission Drive
Pine Ridge, SD 57770
Phone: 605-867-5491
Email (sacramental records): See website (Pastoral Ministry/ Contact Us)
History: The Red Cloud School system is a predominantly Native American (Oglala Lakota) school system on the Pine Ridge Reservation and in the Diocese of Rapid City (Archives: Rapid City, South Dakota). The system is comprised of Red Cloud Elementary School, Red Cloud Middle School, Red Cloud High School, and Our Lady of Lourdes Elementary School, plus The Heritage Center, which also support the Pine Ridge Reservation parishes.
|
1879-1884 |
Benedictines from Standing Rock Agency, North Dakota (St. Meinrad Abbey, St. Meinrad, Indiana) attempted visits to Pine Ridge Agency (Oglala Lakota) |
|
1884 (March 9) |
Rev. J.A. Bushman baptized Chief Red Cloud who received “Peter” as his baptismal forename |
|
1884-1888 |
Rev. Francis M. Craft (Mohawk) from Rosebud Agency attempted visits to Pine Ridge Agency |
|
1888-present |
Jesuits (German, Turin, California, Missouri, Wisconsin, Central Provinces) (Archives: St. Louis, Missouri) established and have administered Red Cloud Indian School/ Holy Rosary Mission |
|
1888-1972 |
Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity (Holy Name, Sacred Heart Provinces (Archives: Stella Niagara, New York, and Denver, Colorado) staffed the Holy Rosary Mission school |
|
1931-present |
Jesuits established Our Lady of Lourdes School, Porcupine, which later was incorporated into the Red Cloud School system |
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1937-1942 |
Holy Rosary Mission added a high school |
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1964-1980 |
The school transitioned from a boarding to a day school |
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1969 |
Holy Rosary Mission school was renamed Red Cloud Indian School |
|
1972-present |
Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity continued to minister to local parish needs on the Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1970s-present |
Jesuit Lay Volunteers have staffed the school |
|
1970s-present |
Jesuits established, and with lay assistance, have administered the Heritage Center and the Red Cloud Art Show |
Jesuits at Red Cloud/ Holy Rosary have attended the following Native missions and parishes in South Dakota and Nebraska (in South Dakota unless noted otherwise):
|
1898-1928 (became a parish) |
Sacred Heart Mission (Oglala Lakota), Pine Ridge, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1901-1919 (transferred to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Martin) |
St. Joseph Mission (Oglala Lakota), Bear Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation
|
|
1901-ca. 1973 (closed) |
St. Peter Mission (Oglala Lakota), Wounded Knee Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1903-1913 (closed) |
St. Alphonsus Chapel (Oglala Lakota), Payabiya, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1905-1931 (transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine) |
St. Paul Mission (Oglala Lakota), Porcupine Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
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1906-ca. 1970s (transferred to Our Lady of Sorrows, Kyle) |
St. Stephan Mission (Oglala Lakota), Medicine Root Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1908-unknown (closed) |
Our Lady of Good Counsel Mission (Oglala Lakota), No Water, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1909-1919 (transferred to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Martin) |
Our Lady of Luck Mission (Oglala Lakota), Lacreek, Bennett County |
|
1910-ca. 1920 (closed) |
St. Lucy Mission (Oglala Lakota), Allen, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1910-1959 (closed) |
St. Henry Mission (Oglala), Potato Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1912-1916 (closed) |
St. Ignatius Mission (Oglala Lakota), Lips Camp, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1912-ca. 1920 (closed) |
Forty Martyrs Mission (Oglala Lakota), Plenty Bears, Pine Ridge Reservation |
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1913-1931 (transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine) |
Sacred Heart Mission (Oglala Lakota), Wounded Knee/ Brennan, Pine Ridge Reservation |
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1913-ca. 1970s (became a parish) |
St. Agnes Mission (Oglala Lakota), Manderson, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1916-1922 (became a parish) |
Sacred Heart Mission (Santee Dakota), Santee, Santee Reservation, Nebraska |
|
1917-1919 (became a parish) |
Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Mission (Oglala Lakota), Martin, Bennett County |
|
1917-1919 (transferred to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Martin) |
Sacred Heart Mission (Oglala Lakota), Vetal, Bennett County |
|
1917-1925 (closed) |
St. Margaret Mission (Oglala Lakota), Grass Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1917-1925 (closed) |
St. Magdalene Mission (Oglala Lakota), Lower Porcupine, Pine Ridge Reservation |
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1917-1949 (closed) |
St. Bernard Mission (Oglala Lakota), Cheyenne River, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1917-1959 (closed) |
St. Anne/ St. Anthony Mission (Oglala Lakota), Wolf Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1917-ca. 1970s (became a parish) |
Our Lady of Sorrows/ Ss. Mary and Anna Mission (Oglala Lakota), Kyle, Pine Ridge Reservation |
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1917-ca. 1970s (became a parish) |
Our Lady of the Sioux/ St. Elizabeth Mission (Oglala Lakota), Oglala, Pine Ridge Reservation |
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1917-unknown (closed) |
St. Anthony/ Holy Guardian Angels Mission (Oglala Lakota), Slim Butte, Pine Ridge Reservation |
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1920-1925 (closed) |
St. Elizabeth Mission (Oglala Lakota), Rock Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1920-1925 (closed) |
Our Lady of Sorrows Mission (Oglala Lakota), Spring Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1920-1925 (closed) |
Immaculate Conception Mission (Oglala Lakota), Wanamaker, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1931 (became a parish) |
Christ the King Church/ Our Lady of Lourdes Mission and Our Lady of Lourdes School (Oglala Lakota), Porcupine, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1931 (transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine) |
St. Mary Magdalene Mission (Oglala Lakota), Rockyford, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1959 (closed) |
St. Madeline Sophie Mission (Oglala Lakota), Three Mile Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1970s (became a parish) |
St. Ignatius Loyola Mission (Oglala Lakota), Wanblee, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1943 (closed) |
St. Joseph Mission (Oglala Lakota), Cuny Table, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1943 (closed) |
St. Cecelia Mission (Oglala Lakota), Red Water, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1959 (closed) |
St. Joseph Mission (Oglala Lakota), Hisle/ Bear Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1926-1969 (transferred to Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Martin) |
St. Charles Borromeo Mission (Oglala Lakota), Batesland, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1931-1943 (closed: World War II Bombing Range) |
St. Barbara Mission (Oglala Lakota), White River/ Medicine Root Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1931-1950 (closed) |
St. Anthony/ St. Lucy Mission (Oglala Lakota), Corn Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1931-ca. 1970s (transferred to St. Ignatius, Wanblee) |
St. John of the Cross Mission (Oglala Lakota), Allen/ Plenty Bears, Bennett County |
|
1933-ca. 1956 (closed) |
St. Ann Mission (unknown), Colored Hills |
|
1936-1953 (closed) |
St. Aloysius Mission (Santee Dakota), Holy Rosary Mission Ranch, Nebraska |
|
1936-1959 (closed) |
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Mission (Oglala Lakota), Pine Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
ca. 1942-1961 (closed) |
St. Mary Magdalene Mission (Oglala Lakota), Rockyford, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
ca. 1942-unknown (closed) |
Sacred Heart Mission (Oglala Lakota), Wounded Knee, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
ca. 1953-ca. 1975 (transferred to Our Lady of Lourdes, Porcupine) |
St. Joseph Mission (Oglala Lakota), Cuny Table, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
ca. 1955- 1970s (transferred to St. Ignatius, Wanblee) |
Holy Rosary Mission (Oglala Lakota), Interior, Jackson County |
|
1970-ca. 1977 (closed) |
St. Bernard Mission (Oglala Lakota), Red Shirt, Pine Ridge Reservation |
Our Lady of Sorrows Church, Kyle, Pine Ridge Reservation:
|
1917-1970s |
Jesuits from Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge, established and attended Our Lady of Sorrows/ Ss. Mary and Anna Mission (Oglala Lakota), Kyle, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1970s-present |
Became a parish; Jesuits have administered Our Lady of Sorrows Church |
Jesuits at Our Lady of Sorrows have attended to St. Stephen Mission (Oglala Lakota), Lower Medicine Root/ Medicine Root Creek, Pine Ridge Reservation, ca. 1970s-present.
St. Agnes Church, Manderson, Pine Ridge Reservation:
|
1913-1970s |
Jesuits from Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge, established and attended St. Agnes Mission (Oglala Lakota), Manderson |
|
1907-1930s |
Nicholas Black Elk (Oglala) served the parish as a catechist |
|
1931-1934 (closed) |
Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis (Oldenburg, Indiana) staffed a school at St. Agnes |
|
1970s-present |
Became a parish; Jesuits have administered St. Agnes Church |
Our Lady of the Sioux Church, Oglala, Pine Ridge Reservation:
|
1907-1930s |
Nicholas Black Elk (Oglala Lakota) served as a catechist at Our Lady of the Sioux/ St. Elizabeth Mission (Oglala), Oglala |
|
1917-1970s |
Jesuits from Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge, attended Our Lady of the Sioux/ St. Elizabeth Mission |
|
1970s-1986 |
Became a parish; Jesuits administered Our Lady of the Sioux Church |
|
1986-1991 |
A Marist Brother (Poughkeepsie Province, Watertown, Maine) administered Our Lady of the Sioux |
|
1991-1995 |
Jesuits administered the parish and a School Sister of Notre Dame (Milwaukee Province, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) served as pastoral coordinator |
|
1995-1997 |
Jesuits administered the parish and a Sister of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity (Denver, Colorado) served as pastoral coordinator |
|
1997-present |
Jesuits administered the parish and a Sister of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Aberdeen, South Dakota) served as pastoral coordinator |
|
1999 |
A tornado destroyed the church, which was rebuilt 2 years later |
Sacred Heart Church, Pine Ridge, Pine Ridge Reservation:
|
1898-1928 |
Jesuits from Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge, established and attended Sacred Heart Mission (Oglala Lakota) |
|
1928-1980 |
Became a parish; Jesuits administered Sacred Heart Church |
|
1980-1984 |
Rev. Charles Leute (Sac & Fox), O.P., administered the parish |
|
1984-1998 |
Jesuits administered the parish |
|
1998-present |
Jesuits from Red Cloud Indian School, Pine Ridge, have attended Sacred Heart |
Jesuits at Sacred Heart, Pine Ridge, have attended to students at the Oglala Government Indian School (Oglala Lakota), Pine Ridge, 1928-present.
Christ the King Church, Porcupine, and Our Lady of Lourdes School, Porcupine, Pine Ridge Reservation:
|
1926-1931 |
Jesuits from Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge, established and attended Our Lady of Lourdes Mission (Oglala Lakota), Porcupine |
|
1931-present |
Became a parish; Jesuits have administered Christ the King Church and Our Lady of Lourdes School |
|
1931-1937 |
Sisters of the Humility of Mary (Villa Maria, Pennsylvania) staffed the school |
|
1937-ca. 1970s |
Notre Dame Sisters (Omaha, Nebraska) staffed the school |
|
ca. 1970s-present |
Mostly lay teachers have staffed the school |
Jesuits at Christ the King have attended the following Oglala Lakota Indian missions on the Pine Ridge Reservation:
|
1931-ca. 1942 (transferred to Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge) |
St. Mary Magdalene Mission, Rockyford |
|
1931-ca. 1942 (transferred to Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge) |
Sacred Heart Mission, Wounded Knee |
|
1931-unknown (closed) |
St. Paul Mission, Porcupine Creek |
|
1971-unknown (closed) |
St. Mary Magdalene Mission, Rockyford |
|
ca. 1975-unknown (closed) |
St. Joseph Mission, Cuny Table |
St. Ignatius Loyola Church, Wanblee, Pine Ridge Reservation:
|
1926-ca. 1970s |
Jesuits from Holy Rosary, Pine Ridge, established and attended St. Ignatius Loyola Mission (Oglala Lakota), Wanblee, Pine Ridge Reservation |
|
1970s-present |
Became a parish; Jesuits have administered St. Ignatius Loyola Church |
Jesuits at St. Ignatius, Wanblee, attended the following Oglala Lakota Indian missions:
|
ca. 1970s-unknown (closed) |
St. John of the Cross Mission, Allen, Bennet County |
|
ca. 1970s-unknown (closed) |
Holy Rosary Mission, Interior, Jackson County |
For more local history details -- see -- Holy Rosary Mission - Red Cloud Indian School Records, Historical Note.
Holdings of Catholic records about Native Americans:
Inclusive dates: 1884-ongoing
Volume: At least 3 cubic feet
Description: Sacramental records, 1884-present, at least 27 volumes: for the Native American parishes and missions attended by Red Cloud Indian School; records for 1884-1902 are copies from Marquette University Special Collections and Archives, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which serves as the archival repository for Red Cloud Indian School, https://www.marquette.edu/library/archives/Mss/HRM/index.php. The original records were transferred to the Diocese of Rapid City. Archives, Rapid City, South Dakota.
Unless otherwise noted, the repository on this page holds (or held) the records described here and they are not held at the Marquette University Archives.
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